Compare Sibling and Body Paragraph - 972 Words

Compare and Contrast Essay Topic: My sister and I It has been said that many siblings are very similar; However my sister and I are nothing alike we are actually very different. When two people have the same blood type and genotype is not insured that you will be exactly the same. Having same parents increases the chances of having the same genes though. All Siblings have various behaviors and personalities that make them dissimilar. Siblings have a genetic and physical closeness that connect them together. It is reasonable that not all sisters resemble each other. My sister and I are completely opposite. Understanding genetics may be a little confusing. Sharing one half of genetic material from the mother and the other half from†¦show more content†¦Despite having the same genes in common, difference between siblings is the rule not the exception . Compare and Contrast Essay Outline Topic: My sister and I Introduction: Introduce my topic get the readers attention by starting the essay with a good catching attention getter, and follow through with background information about the topic First Body Paragraph: Being the first body paragraph by talking about our differences Second Body Paragraph: Second boday paragraph focus on our likes and dislikes Third Body Paragraph: Talk about our behaviors Conclusion: Conclude this essay by restating everything and summing it up and adding other facts or opinions References: Barnable, A., Gaudine, A., Bennett, L. amp; Meadus, R. (2006) Having a Sibling with Schizophrenia: A Phenomenological Study. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice: An International Journal, 20(3) 247-264 Cicerelli, V. (1991) Sibling relationships in middle and old age. In G.H. Brody (Ed) Sibling relationships: Their causes and consequences, 47-73. Norwood, N.J: Ablex. Curson,D. amp; Sharkey, S.(2006) ‘Out of the mouths of babes’: Drawing upon siblings’ experiences to develop a therapeutic board game for siblings and children with a chronic illness. Clinical Psychology Forum, 159, 36-38 Fisher, H., Tobitt, S., Saleem, S. and Steele, S. (2004a) Siblings’ and mothers’ grief reactions to the diagnosis of psychosis in a young family member.Show MoreRelatedSibling Comparison of Everyday Use1055 Words   |  5 PagesSibling Similar Differences â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker tells a story of a mother who narrators the visit of her daughter from college and the conflict between her two daughters. The mother, named Mrs. Johnson, gives descriptions of her daughters’, Dee and Maggie, personality and looks, and each daughter description is opposite of each other. Additionally, Mrs. Johnson describes each daughter’s education level, which also differs. The only hidden similarity between these two sisters is the factRead MoreHigh Levels Of Stress On Teens Essay2218 Words   |  9 Pagesstudents are significantly more likely to talk about school stress(why) or pressure with their parents. (71.31%) followed by the students from the Midwest (70.25%) 51.85% of parents sought out additional academic help Save these facts for the body paragraphs of your essay. Or pick one of the best ones and start your essay with it, instead of the questions. Also, where are you getting these stats? They need citations. Students feel too much stress from the excessive amounts of school work. In turnRead MoreThe Vs. Human Law1160 Words   |  5 PagesJazmin Rivera When can we refuse human law? If you were told you could not bury your sibling and you believed this would not only keep them from your equivalent of heaven – but would also condemn you for abstaining from a sacred duty, what would you do? Does human law demand precedence over divine law or vice versa? Divine laws according to Antigone stem from our deity or faith, these laws are more unspoken and were not â€Å"made now or yesterday. They live for all time† (457). Human laws rely on one’sRead MoreChildrens Functional Health Pattern Assessment Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagestwo normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List 2 potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1. Regression to previous behaviors is common. 2. Jealousy of new siblings. | 1. Their peers play a significant role in their development. 2. They understand gender roles and expectation. | 1. Family promotes and sense of security from the outside world. 2. Parents and children interact to show love and supportRead MoreComparison and Contrast Essay7914 Words   |  32 Pagesdefinition for the comparison and contrast essay. b. Identify adequate opening statements for introductory paragraphs in a comparison and contrast essay. c. Write an appropriate thesis statement using parallel structures adequately in an introductory paragraph. d. Write appropriate topic sentences using proper transitional expressions to begin body paragraphs. e. Write well-supported body paragraphs using the â€Å"point- by- point† format of a comparison and contrast essay. f. Identify adequate concludingRead More3rd Grade3192 Words   |  13 Pageswebs, charts, or diagrams to gather ideas for writing †¢ Order ideas for a story into three partsbeginning, middle, and end †¢ Use capital letters and punctuation marks correctly †¢ Write in complete sentences †¢ Find and correct own mistakes †¢ Write paragraphs, l etters, journal entries, and descriptions. †¢ Make webs, charts, timelines, and so forth, to organize ideas †¢ Write about personal experiences in an organized manner †¢ Find and correct mistakes, such as misspelled words or errors in grammar †¢ WriteRead More James Baldwins Writing Technique Essay1771 Words   |  8 Pagesrepetitive words also plays a big part in his style. All of those techniques all intertwined in a way that will help the reader understand Baldwin and his ideas a lot clearer. His combination of both narrative and analysis can be viewed in the very first paragraph. Baldwin begins his essay by stating that fact that his father died on the July 29, 1943. Right after stating that fact, he mentions the rioting, which occurred in Detroit and in Harlem about a month before the death of his father. Baldwin incorporatesRead MoreChildrens Functional Health Patterns3048 Words   |  13 Pagesinterest in body of members of the opposite sex, recognizing differences (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010) | Child can list medication taken and why they take them Child is able to describe examples of healthy living and why they are important (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010) | | Vaccinations are overdue or not given at all Child does not attempt to imitate parents or caregivers (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010) | Child appears anxious or has anxiety about their body and body functionsRead MoreMy Memories Of My Early Years1970 Words   |  8 Pageswas raised up in a family that loved to read and write, like my sister who published a children’s book while she was in just middle school; she also wrote other stories that were loved my her teachers. My parents have continuously pushed me and my siblings to read above our grade levels, study writing during the summer, and never listen to when other kids or adult titled us as â€Å"stupid†. This positive drive really aided me when I was a little and even endures on today. The positive push when I was littleRead MoreChildrens Functional Health Pattern Essay3603 Words   |  15 Pagesa parent. | Preschoolers are able to verbalize when they are in pain. Preschoolers are curious about their body and its functions. Preschoolers have an accurate perception of the external parts of their own bodies. Preschoolers begin to learn basic internal parts of their body such as having bones and a heart. | School-age children are aware of how their own body functions and when they are feeling sick. School-aged children have a basic understanding of the definition of health

Slavery in Shakespeares The Tempest Tempest Essay Example For Students

Slavery in Shakespeares The Tempest Tempest Essay sSlavery in The Tempest Slavery occurs on a widespread basis in The Tempest. Occurrence of slavery to many of the characters, all in different ways, helps to provide the atmosphere for the play. The obvious slaves are not the only slaves, as Prospero has basically got everybody entranced when he wants, to do whatever he wants with them. He can also control the way that they think. The first and most obvious slave is ariel. Ariel is an airy spirit who is promised his freedom by Prospero if his job is done well. His job was to entrance the visitors to the island under Prosperos control. What Ariel! My industrious servant, Ariel! That is what Prospero said in act 4, scene 1, line 33. He was talking to his slave, Ariel, who entranced the visitors to the island. Another example could be Alonso, the king of Naples. Since he is not in Naples, but on Prosperos island, and under his control, he is a slave in a way. In act 3, scene 3, lines 95-102, Alonso admits complete and utter loss of control. O, it is monstrous, monstrous! Methought the billows spoke and told me of it; The winds did sing it to me; and the thunder, that deep and dreadful organ pipe, pronounced the name of Prosper; it did bass my trespass. Therefore my son i th ooze is bedded; and Ill seek him deeper than eer plummet sounded and with him there lie mudded. He is telling us that Prospero is in control of him. Prospero, Trinculo, and Stephano are in control of Caliban, the deformed son of Sycorax, and therefore Caliban is their slave. Monster lay-to your fingers; help to bear this away where my hogstead of wine is, or Ill turn you out of my kingdom. Go to, carry this. In act 4, scene 1, lines 250-253, Stephano told Caliban to carry something for him, or he would be out of his kingdom. He treats Caliban like dirt because he is their slave. In act 4, scene 1, lines 262-265, Prospero is describing how all of his former friends are now pretty much under his control, even though they dont know it, and enslaved to Prospero. At this hour lies at my mercy all mine enemies. Shortly shall my labors end, and thou shalt have the air at freedom. In act 5, scene 1, lines 7-10, it states Confined together in the same fashion as you gave in charge, just as you left them-all prisoners, sir, in the line grove which weather-fends your cell. Ariel is telling Prospero that the visitors are under his spell, as they still are the way that he left them. They cannot do much until he breaks the spell. In conclusion, The Tempest is a very good play to demonstrate the monstrosity of slavery in society. The play teaches lessons about slavery, and about classes of people, and how they react to their surroundings.

The Scarlet Ibis Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Ibis Essay In the story The Scarlet Ibis Essay by James Hurst a young handicapped by is born with a large head, a small body, and a weak heart. As time goes on, Doodle overcomes many obstacles with the help of his older brother. Doodle, the handicapped boy, is mentally developed slower and is challenged to learn how to walk with the help of his brother, six years older than he is. Doodles brother didnt want to take Doodle everywhere in a go-kart, so the both of them were determined to make Doodle walk by his birthday, and he does. Throughout the entire story Doodle and his brother are faced with challenges that people believe he wont be able to accomplish, but they show them wrong. We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Ibis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As Doodle grows older, his brother makes sure that he doesnt fall behind the other kids and tries to keep Doodle ahead of, or at least at the same level as the other children. Doodle learns to walk, run, play, and even row a boat: all of the things the doctor said he wouldnt be able to do because of his heart. The story ends tragically by Doodle, scared by the thunderstorm, trying to catch up to his brother who is running faster than he is yelling out Dont leave me brother, dont leave me! When his brother realizes that he stopped running, he turns around and finds Doodle under a tree with blood in his mouth. His heart gave out from running too hard, and his brother held him as he died. Category: English . The Scarlet Ibis Essay Example For Students The Scarlet Ibis Essay James Hursts short story, ;The Scarlet Ibis Essay; reveals that the brotherly bond between the narrator and Doodle is an essential component in the story. If Doodle was a girl, the brotherly connection and bond would be lost, resulting in many variations throughout the story. If Doodle was a girl the narrator probably wouldnt spend as much time with Doodle. A brother-brother relationship is very different than a brother-sister relationship. Doodle would likely be closer to another female such as her mother. Young girls tend to spend more time indoors with their mothers learning to sew, playing with dolls and other girl things. Its not that a brother-sister relationship is non-existent, but its a lot different. With Doodle spending more time inside, she wouldnt ever experience summers down by the swamp learning to run, box and climb trees. All of those things are things that little boys do. Brothers spend more time outside running, wrestling and playing sports. They enjoy doing things that take physical skill. We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Ibis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Even if Doodle went outside, she probably wouldnt be interested in running through the forest and climbing trees. Chances are that she would be more into picking wildflowers and feeding the squirrels. There are rare occasions where you will find a real special brother-sister relationship, especially at the age Doodle and his brother were at. Younger children often play with other kids of the same gender and thinks the opposite sex has kuddies. The two children would be at a vulnerable age to risk a close relationship. Close brother and sister relationships dont usually evolve until the mid teenage years. For example I have two older sisters that I am very close with now, but when I was young I didnt want anything to with them. So I began to develop a close relationship with my dad at a young age. That is why I believe that if Doodle was a girl, she would have been connected closer with her mother because of the gender relation. Not as much is expected physically from a girl, therefore I believe Doodle would be handicapped the rest of her life. As a result, Doodle may have never died.As you can see, I strongly believe the story would have been greatly altered if Doodle was a girl. The brotherly bond was a nessacary and vital part in the story. If Doodle was a girl the bond with narrator and the outcome of the story would have contrasted greatly. Death probably would have been prevented if Doodle was a girl. . THE SCARLET IBIS Essay Example For Students THE SCARLET IBIS Essay Evidence in the short story, THE SCARLET IBIS Essay, proves that Doodles brother was responsible for Doodles death. Doodles brother, the narrator, wasnt described in the story except from his own view point, but from the facts told in The Scarlet Ibis, there were many clues to his wrong doing. Doodle was a small child and had been since his birth. All the doctors said that he shouldnt move around to much because of his bad heart, but his brother didnt listen. Doodles brother couldnt accept a brother with so many handicaps. We will write a custom essay on THE SCARLET IBIS specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He wanted someone to play catch with, fight with, and be really aggressive toward. He was ashamed of having a not all there brother. Because he was embarrassed of such a sibling he pushed Doodle too hard to do everything perfect. His pride got in the way of acceptance and love. After pushing Doodle to walk and showing their family the great miracle, the narrator makes this statement, They did not know that I did it for myself; that pridebecause I was ashamed of having a crippled brother. That statement proves he was responsible for his brothers death. In The Scarlet Ibis Doodles brother talks about his days with Doodle and his childish behavior towards him. The narrators behavior toward his brother during those days were harsh and cruel. He would try to hurt Doodles feelings by making Doodle do things that he didnt want to do. Doodles brother describes a day when he and Doodle were in the barn and he made Doodle touch his own coffin. Doodle didnt want to, but he was forced. His brother always had those immature ways of leaving Doodle behind to catch up. It seemed as if he had an egotistic pride and he liked it. The evidence of his childish manner is confirmed in this statement by the brother, And before Ill help you down from the loft, youre going to have to touch it. During the last scene of the story there is a raging storm filled with wind, rain, and lightning. Both the brothers were struggling to get home from the storm. The one having the greatest struggle was Doodle. He called out Brother, brother, dont leave me! Dont leave me! but Doodles brother still ran until he was out of sight. Doodle (like the Ibis) had struggled to his death. Here was this small innocent young boy lying dead on the ground and where was his brother? Doodles brother hadnt a care in the world until it was too late. Because of his self-pride and childlike manner his brother was dead. The evidence proves that Doodles brother was responsible for Doodles death. The brother had made some unwise mistakes and Doodle suffered and lost because of them. Yes, Doodles brother was, in fact, responsible. . The Scarlet Ibis Essay Example For Students The Scarlet Ibis Essay In the story The Scarlet Ibis Essay by James Hurst a young handicapped by is born with a large head, a small body, and a weak heart. As time goes on, Doodle overcomes many obstacles with the help of his older brother.Doodle, the handicapped boy, is mentally developed slower and is challenged to learn how to walk with the help of his brother, six years older than he is. Doodles brother didnt want to take Doodle everywhere in a go-kart, so the both of them were determined to make Doodle walk by his birthday, and he does.Throughout the entire story Doodle and his brother are faced with challenges that people believe he wont be able to accomplish, but they show them wrong.As Doodle grows older, his brother makes sure that he doesnt fall behind the other kids and tries to keep Doodle ahead of, or at least at the same level as the other children. Doodle learns to walk, run, play, and even row a boat: all of the things the doctor said he wouldnt be able to do because of his heart. We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Ibis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The story ends tragically by Doodle, scared by the thunderstorm, trying to catch up to his brother who is running faster than he is yelling out ;Dont leave me brother, dont leave me!; When his brother realizes that he stopped running, he turns around and finds Doodle under a tree with blood in his mouth. His heart gave out from running too hard, and his brother held him as he died. .

Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd

Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd Though it is generally considered that people should come up with their own solutions to the problems and that it is unreasonable and even absurd to make decisions based on what the others tell one, it cannot be denied that the opinion of the crowd matters much when it comes to the deciding point.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind: Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the idea of crowd thinking is rather vague and ambiguous; while its negative aspects are well known, its advantages are also often mentioned. In addition, the very definition of group thinking stretches from taking the opinions of others into account to making a mixed decision based on what the entire group thinks is right. An issue truly worth researching, group thinking is the focus of the given paper. There have been many attempts to describe the phenomenon of group mind or at least to show how potentially destructive group mind can be in every meaning of the word. One of the most famous and by far the most controversial researches on the topic, Zimbargo’s The Stanford Prison Experiment offers a number of opportunities to find a definition to the phenomenon of a group mind. A research that involved a prison simulation has shown that people quickly accept the attitudes and the behavioral patterns that a newly acquired social status offers them; moreover, once one of the group members starts acting in a certain way, the rest of the group members considers the given behavior acceptable. The given change cannot be attributed to the group members’ aptitude to violence: â€Å"Rather, the subjects’ abnormal social and personal reactions are best seen as a product of their transaction with an environment that supported the behavior that would be pathological in other settings, but was â€Å"appropriate† in this prison † (Zimbargo 742). As Zimbargo’s research shows, the people who were supposed to play the role of the â€Å"guard† were not instructed to be violent and harsh towards the â€Å"prisoners†. However, because of a range of factors, starting with the choice of the uniform for the â€Å"guard† and the â€Å"prisoners† and up to the fact that the prisoners were not supposed to have names, the group mind made the â€Å"guard† change their attitude towards the â€Å"prisoners† and became even more violent. Judging by the given example, it can be concluded that a group mind is a phenomenon that makes people within a certain group develop a common type of behavior that can help them stay in a leader’s position. Another peculiar study worth taking a glance at is Doris Lessing’s â€Å"Group Minds.† Unlike the previous study, the given one offers a definition to what a group mind actually is; As the author explains, †Å"When were in a group, we tend to think as that group does† (Lessing, 1989). Therefore, group mind is a phenomenon that makes every single member of the group follow the group’s choice. However, putting the issue the way in which Doris Lessing has put it raises even more questions.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, In Zimbargo’s study, it was clear where the moods that were brooding in the group came from – the social roles of a guard and a prisoner already have an underlying idea of punishment, which results in a violent attitude towards the â€Å"imprisoned.† In Doris Lessing’s essay, however, there is no setup – the author does not provide any specific situation, merely stating the obvious. Therefore, in Lessing’ understanding, there will always be a factor that predetermines the mood of the group and th e course of decisions that it is going to take. Hence, the definition of a group mind can be taken to a different level; group thinking can be defined as people’s aptitude to come to a single decision or manner of conduct within a certain group disregarding the specifics of the individuals’ personalities. A slightly different idea of a group mind is offered by Ian McEwan in his Atonement. As the previous experience with Lessing’s story showed, the course of group thinking can be changed by different factors; however, Lessing does not define these factors. McEwan, on the contrary, almost shoves these factors in the reader’s face from the very beginning; called Obedience to authority, the chapter from Atonement makes it crystal clear that under the influence of authority, group thinking can be bent any way possible. Every single sentence in the novel stresses the influence that the crowd has on a personality; the idea of a group mind is exercised mostly thr ough the images of a physical pressure of the crowd, which makes the idea even stronger: â€Å"The exultant crowd exploded from the bar like champagne, hurling Turner and Netty aside† (McEwan 749). Judging by McEwan’s work, a group mind is a power that can be controlled only by an authority and that takes no account of the opinion of an individual member of the crowd. Adding a final touch to the collection of definitions for the group mind, Solomon Arch’s essay on opinions and social pressure helps define a group mind by discussing the impacts that the choices of a group mind have on an individual (Arch). In fact, the phenomenon of group mind can also be interpreted from a different position. There is actually a definition of the group mind phenomenon that does not involve the presence of a person who is supposed to control and channel the group mind into performing a certain action, accepting certain types of behavior, etc., in contrast to the theories above. A liva has analyzed in great detail the works of Freud, Le Bon and McDougal, the man who actually coined the term â€Å"group mind,† to come to a conclusion that a group mind is an intersection of every single individual mind of a specific group. Aliva claims that â€Å"individuals’ minds are like affluent rivers feeding the common ocean of the group mind† (Aliva, 2010, 262). Hence, a group mind does not necessarily need a controlling agent – unless it has one, it creates one by itself.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring the Specifics of a Group Mind: Into the Depth of the Philosophy of the Crowd specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Summarizing the ideas that the authors of the five readings discussed above are trying to convey, one can conclude that a group mind is a phenomenon that occurs within a group of people and presupposes that they are going to make similar decisions – or , in case of a group decision, forcing the rest of the members to follow the crowd, – exercise similar behavioral patterns and develop similar attitudes. Group thinking means that none of the group members considers the personal opinion of another member; moreover, it presupposes that the members do not have their personal judgments. Instead, they choose the easiest or the acceptable manner of conduct and are very easy to control. Despite the fact that the phenomenon of group thinking is rather widespread, it is very hard to nail down the essence of group thinking. According to the results of the discussion above group thinking can be defined as the decision-making process that is carried out within a group and that presupposes that each member of the group follows the rest of the crowd blindly. Therefore, a group mind is an intrinsically scary phenomenon that cannot be controlled and, therefore, can lead to the most deplorable results, which the works above display in the mo st graphic way. Aliva, L. A. (2010). Psychosomatic symptoms and the â€Å"group mind.† Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83, 255–271. Asch, Solomon. Opinions and Social Pressure. 1955. Web. panarchy.org/asch/social.pressure.1955.html. Lessing, Doris. Group Minds. 1989. PDF file. Web. https://www.ucop.edu/elwr/sample1989.html.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More McEwan, Ian. From Atonement. n. d. PDF file. 745-750. Print. Zimbargo, Philip. The Stamford Prison Experiment. n. d. PDF file. 732-743. Print.

Is Small Beautiful The Management Styles of Small Firms Essay

Is Small Beautiful The Management Styles of Small Firms - Essay Example Whatever the reason, small businesses have become a prevalent part of the United Kingdom economy, and consequently, it is important to understand their nature and the way in which they operate. Small firms are more than simply scaled down versions of their larger counterparts, they operate differently, make different decisions and are driven by many factors that do not affect larger firms (Atkinson, 2008). It is often perceived that small businesses have an ideal management structure, which is harmonious, where management and employees work together towards a similar goal. This essay examines what type of management styles are present in small businesses, whether this perception of ‘small is beautiful’ is real, and what influences management of small firms. Not just size alone Many theories and approaches to examining management of small firms assume that there is harmony across the industry. However, small firms are not homogenous with one another; instead they are subject to a range of different factors that influence the way that they operate, their management styles and their success. For example, ownership structures differ between small firms, with the owner being either, self-employed, owner-director, owner controller or a small employer. Because of these variations between small businesses, any consideration of the management styles and methods of control must also consider other factors about the firm, such as structure and agency (Barrett and Rainnie, 2002). ... Even when sections of the industry are taken into account there is still substantial variation in the way that businesses operate and what factors drive them (Ram and Edwards, 2003). For example, some firms focus primarily on profit, while others desire a family business and are not willing to put this in jeopardy even if this would mean increased profits. Likewise, some small firms compete directly with larger ones by producing similar products, while others produce a unique and distinct products do not directly compete with larger firms. Therefore, it is not possible to provide an overall model of the small business industry, or to predict what management styles will be present under different sets of circumstances. A more effective approach is to examine the different management styles that are present in small firms and how these differ from those common in larger firms. It has been argued that the definition of a small firm needs significant work, as the current perception focus es mainly on number of employees and the precise number differs between publications. The problem with this method of defining small firms is that it does not take into account the complexities and variation that is present within the small industry sector. Some authors or publications make use of key business characteristics to determine whether the company is a small business, or a combination of industry and size. An example of this is the suggestion that in the manufacturing industry, a small business is one that has less than 200 employees. One suggestion has been to modify the definition of a small company so that it uses a qualitative

The Classification of People or Individual on the Face of Law Essay

The Classification of People or Individual on the Face of Law - Essay Example Congress has been given big latitude to regulate commerce with any foreign nations and among other of its several states. Constitution, in this case, confers power and legal justification for the federal governments to control the commerce of the state. Commerce regulation involves a wide range of control that includes the exchange of goods and services. However, the definitions of commerce have been a very controversial one. The very constitutions that have given latitude to the Congress to regulate commerce do not explicitly define the commerce that it intends the Congress to be regulated. In its inadequacies, the constitution does not clearly describe the social intercourses between citizens of different states. Consequently, the constitution leaves a huge gap in identifying the commerce and the dividing line between the state power and those of the federal government. Wherefore, with this wide gap of the inadequacy and incompleteness of the clause, there is a legal problem in its application. In particular are the cyberspace and the federal power in regulating it while excising the commerce clause. Considering the case of American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan vs. the federal government, the association complained against the application of the commercial clause because they termed it criminalizing online communication and termed it as violation of the freedom of speech and a violation of the commerce clause that is provided in the constitution of United States of America.

Marine Pollution Essay Example for Free

Marine Pollution Essay Pollution of the worlds oceans is quickly becoming a major problem on Earth. We know very little about the effect that pollution has on the oceans, but we continue to dispose off chemicals, sewage and garbage into it at an unprecedented rate. Most people likely do not even know what types of pollutants reach the oceans. There may be billions of people unconcerned about ocean pollution and hence this problem. Truly, the fish catch from the sea will tend to bio concentrate the pollutants to finally reach the humans. Toxic Ocean Pollutants Toxic pollutants in the ocean ecosystem have massive impacts on the plants and animals. Heavy metal poisoning (such as lead and mercury) from industrial effluents accumulate in the tissues of top predators such as whales and sharks (so do not hesitate to support ban of hunting whales and sharks but to the dislike of many others). Many a times such poisoning causes birth defects and damages nervous system. Dioxins from the pulp and paper bleaching process can cause genetic chromosomal problems in marine animals and may even cause cancer in humans. PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) typically cause reproduction problems in most marine organisms. PCBs usually come from older electrical equipment. Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are another source of marine toxic pollution and typically come from oil pollution and burning wood and coal. These PAHs are responsible for causing genetic chromosomal aberrations in many marine animals. Lastly, low-level radiation poisoning is also possible in the ocean environment. Though scientists know very little about how radiation affects marine organisms, it cannot be a good thing anyway. Some marine species such as a population of Beluga whales living in the St. Lawrence River area in Eastern Canada are in serious trouble because of marine toxic pollution. These Beluga whales are the victims of ocean pollution ranging from PCBs to heavy metals as well as other pollutants. However, toxic pollution is only the tip of the iceberg in terms of total ocean pollution. The toxic pollution varies from PAHs heavy metal pollution from industrial effluent and fallout, PCB pollution and even possible low level radiation. No matter what we humans do, there is potential for serious pollution of the oceans. Marine Garbage Marine garbage disposal is another major form of ocean pollution. The worlds oceans are a virtual dumping ground for trash. Sometimes the garbage includes junked out fishing nets, plastics, general household garbage and even like bulbs. In one case, an island 300 miles from the nearest inhabited island (and 3000+ miles from the nearest continent) had 950 pieces of garbage ranging from plastics to tin cans. Garbage in the oceans is a serious issue as fish entangle themselves in fishing nets and animals sometimes eat trash products and die. There are numerous examples of dolphins, sharks and whales entangling themselves in fishing nets and dying from oxygen starvation. It is possible to clean garbage from the oceans if humanity quits using it as a garbage dump. Marine garbage can often enter into animal gut; plastic pop tab rings accidentally strangle animals and so forth. Controlling this form of pollution is important to maintain a healthy ocean ecosystem. Even simple plastic bags can have large pollutive impacts within the ocean. In one case, a deceased sperm whale was found to have a party balloon blocking its digestive system. The whale died from inability to process its food and died of starvation. Plastics can also have negative impacts to boats if they accidentally plug water intake lines. Sewage Disposal in Ocean Sewage is yet another major source of marine pollution. Typically, the problem with sewage is that it causes massive nutrient loading in the ocean ecosystem. Nutrient loading triggers algal blooms in the water leading to the loss of dissolved oxygen. After the depletion of oxygen levels, many organisms in the ocean die from being unable to breathe properly. Other problems associated with sewage include parasites/bacteria that force closure of public coastal beaches and poisoning of shellfish fisheries. For the most part, cities in the developed world have sewage treatment facilities but many of the cities in poorer areas have little to no sewage treatment. As the world population continues to increase, sewage pollution will be on the rise. What we often do not realize is that the waste water out of washing our clothes, faces, dishes and cattle, is ultimately headed to the sea. This includes everything from our homes (toilets, washing machines, bathtubs, dishwashers and so forth), industrial effluents and even chemicals such as paints and fertilizers that we dispose of down the drains. Eventually, all of this sewage pollution adds up and we land in serious problems due to lack of oxygen for organisms and poisoned water. Non-Point Pollutants The last major source of ocean pollutant is non-point. Non-point pollution can come from amazingly varying sources, viz., runoff from farmland (fertilizers, manure), industrial runoff (heavy metals, phosphorous), urban runoff (oils, salts, various chemicals) and atmospheric fallout of airborne pollution. Obviously, it is the hardest to control. Point pollution, in contrast, is pollution from a direct source like a factory outfall pipe. The enrichment of water by nutrients, especially compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus, causes an accelerated growth of algae and higher forms of plant life to produce an undesirable disturbance to the balance of organisms and the quality of the water (Eutrophication). Input of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus to the sea is a natural prerequisite for life, not an environmental problem. It becomes a problem only when the input increases to such levels that the original properties or functions of the ecosystem change. Then, it becomes too much of a good thing. When this manifests in marine waters or a lake, it is referred to as eutrophication a concept covering a series of events in the aquatic environment. Input of too large amounts of nutrients, followed by other events and effects is ominous and results in higher levels of nutrients in the water. Physical, chemical and biological changes that follow tend to reflect in the fauna and flora, oxygen conditions change and other changes in the water mass, in the sediments and on the surface of the bottoms. Pollution of coastal waters: Kerala under microscope The coastal waters of the maritime states are under the constant threat of pollution from a number of sources. The relatively long shoreline of India (6000 Km) is no exception either. More so is the case of Kerala. Compared to the rest of the union, profile of Keralas coastal waters may be better; still a lot remains to be achieved. The tropicality of the region and consequent intense rain fall in the hinterland, along with the physiography has immensely contributed to the quality of coastal waters. The agrarian nature of land use itself has become a bane to the coastal water bodies of the state in the midland as well as in the lagoons in coastal land. Fertilizer residue originating from the tea, cardamom, and rubber plantations of the highland and midland are finally headed to the coastal water of the ocean. But, the brunt is borne by the waters in the lagoons, ponds and other inland water bodies. The intracoastal water way is no exception either. Obviously, the fertilizer residue leads to the eutrophication of the coastal waters, and adds to the reservoir of the chemicals that already exists in the sea. Luckily, the amphibious plant species that characterize the fresh water bodies and lead to their eutrophication, do not survive in the marine environment. However, if not checked, we may reach a situation like in the mouth of Mississippi River, where a 60 mile wide algal belt has reportedly come to stay. The sheer size of the coastal waters is an insurance against the pollutants, like the fertilizer residues, yet could not influence the sea water chemistry to any great extent. Where do we go from here? Industrial pollution is not as bad as it used to be in the developed world as new techniques and better waste and effluent treatment are put in place. New laws and regulations make it difficult for people to dump their trash into the oceans though inevitably some dumping will always occur. One idea is to promote community beach-cleaning events where in everybody volunteers in to pick trash off the beaches. By cleaning up the trash on beaches, we lessen the potential chances of accidental animal kills and afford better and cleaner looks for beaches. Reduction of sewage is possible through the installation of better sewage treatment facilities and by adoption of volume reduction technologies for the worlds cities. Developed countries like Canada and the United States as well as Western Europe should assist the poorer countries in installing sewage treatment facilities. Reducing harmful sewage discharge would be a major start in helping to clean the oceans of pollution. Many areas of the world have reduced non-point pollution through proper recycling facilities for used oil and paint products. In the past, people simply dumped used oils and paints into the sewer system where they would do serious damage to the water. Pollution will still occur but with effort and determination it